您的当前位置: 网站首页 新闻通告 学术交流 正文

学术交流
新鲜加工蔬菜和水果工艺在美国的研究和挑战

来源: 日期 2005-10-07 12:10 点击:

版权所有:西安交通大学生物医学光子学研究中心

设计制作:网络信息中心     地址:西安市碑林区咸宁西路28号交通大学     邮编710049

庄弘博士


庄弘博士


蒋大宗老师

2005年10月8日晚上7:30,回国探亲的美籍华人庄弘博士在工程馆512给我们做了一场精彩的报告,庄弘博士于1986年-1989年曾在交大生物医学工程研究所学习工作过,现任美国Redi-CutFoods Inc公司高级食品研究技术工程师。
他就新鲜加工技术和他的研究领域做了详细的介绍。
他首先结合自己所在公司的情况,介绍了新鲜加工食品消费的快速增长以及新鲜加工技术在过去几年的高速发展状况,食品新鲜加工在美国是一门方兴未艾的行业, 年营业额达100-120亿美元,10%的年增长率。他指出新鲜加工技术工艺的特点,即轻微加工、保持新鲜、需要包装、冷冻储藏、即时消费、安全和质量问题等,然后就它们的技术要求给予了说明。之后详细介绍了产品的生产流程,包括初步部分处理、流动洗涤、切割、分离、离心去水、自动包装等过程,并配以生动的图片加以描述。
接着他又着重介绍了新鲜加工技术蔬菜和水果的货价寿命(shelf life)及其影响因素:首先,呼吸影响新鲜加工产品的质量,表现在加速产品衰老,减少货价寿命,降低营养价值,影响产品的味道等方面。而影响呼吸率的因素又包括温度、氧气和二氧化碳的浓度、乙烯浓度和物理伤害。温度和氧气的浓度越高,呼吸也就越快,新鲜加工产品的货价寿命也就越短;乙烯的浓度还会导致绿色的消失和呼吸率的上升;冷伤害会造成细胞的永久性伤害,而出现颜色改变腐烂缩水等症状。因此,新鲜加工产品应该在低温环境下下贮藏,应避免冷伤害和物理上海的出现。
其次,是微生物的含量影响影新鲜加工产品的货价寿命和质量。由于fresh-cut可能携带致病菌,所以一旦发生食品安全方面的问题,将会造成巨大的经济损失。在理论上,产品是越干净越好,微生物的数量越低越好;但是在实际生产中,由于生产过程中没有杀菌的步骤、产品在食用前没有热加工及微生物的含量是难以检测和排查,这就造成了一个关键的矛盾,进而成为新鲜加工技术当前所面临的一个重要挑战。
他还给我们提到了用射线照射杀菌的方法,蒋大宗教授也给我们补充了西北核研究所用射线处理中药和注射器的方法与过程,大家听后感觉耳目一新。
他还对比了美国农庄食品生产与食品服务行业对此行业的巨大影响,举例了美国政府对食品安全的重视,和为确保食品安全所做的巨大努力,整个食品生产,加工,食品服务对消费者的食品安全都承担着巨大的责任。让大家对这个产业链也有了更全面的认识。
最后报告会在紧张而激烈的探讨中结束,大家收获颇丰!


庄宏博士个人生平及其学术专长、成就

EDUCATION:

01/93-05/96: Dept. of Nutritional & Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506.

Ph.D. Nutritional Sciences Multidisciplinary Ph. D. Program

Date of Completion: 05/96.

Ph.D. dissertation: Relationship between lipid peroxidation and deterioration in broccoli florets during postharvest storage

Training: Food Science, Food Technologies, Food Chemistry, Post-Harvest Physiology and Technology, Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nutritional Science, , Spectrometers, GC, and HPLC, Isolation, Characterization and Quantification of Chlorophyll, Carotenoids, Ascorbic Acid, Vitamin E, Fatty Acids, and Quality-Related Volatiles.

09/89-12/92: University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506

M.S., Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, 1992

M.S. Thesis: The in vivo regulation of C6-aldehyde formation in plant leaves

Training: Plant Physiology, Plant Fatty Acid and Lipid Biochemistry, Spectrometers, GC, HPLC, Isolation, Characterization and Quantification of Flavor-related Chemical Compositions in Plants (C6-aldehydes).

10/78-07/82: Northwestern University, Xi’an, China.

B.Sc. Plant Physiology.

RELATED WORK EXPERIENCE:

9/03 – Present: Senior Research Food Technologist/Scientist

Employer’s Name and Address: Chiquita Brands International, Inc. Fresh-Cut Division, 1340 Sycamore Road, Manteno, IL 60950

Hours per Week: 40

Supervisor’s Name: VP R&D Larry Bell

Contact: VP R&D Larry Bell

Major Duty and Accomplishments:

· Conceive and plan research projects and develop protocols and design experiments

· Supervise and conduct research projects, analyze data, and summarize and report the research results

· Develop new technology and validate new techniques to preserve quality of whole and processed bananas at refrigerated temperature

· Develop, establish sensory analysis techniques to evaluate quality for processed fruits

· Validate “Flavor Savor” packaging technology for processed fruit quality, including texture and flavor using sensory evaluation methods (difference test, consumer test).

· Develop objective measurements (Brix, pH, penetrometer and infrared) for evaluation of quality and shelf life of processed fruit and vegetables.

4/98 – 9/03: Director of R&D and Senior Food Technologist/Scientist

Employer’s Name and Address: Redi-Cut Foods, Inc. 9501 Nevada Ave, Franklin Park, IL

Hours per Week: 40

Supervisor’s Name: Dr. M. Margaret Barth, 847-363-2601

Contact: VP. M. Margaret Barth, 847-363-2601.

Major Duty and Accomplishments:

· Conceive and plan research projects, including experiment design, result analysis and reports

· Organize and prioritize multiple projects; supervise research projects

· Study effect of raw material variety, growing regions and season, harvest technologies, post-harvest treatment and storage on quality of minimally processed produce

· Develop, identify and validate new technologies to preserve quality of processed produce products, including cut apples, watermelon, honeydew, cantaloupe, pineapple, peppers, tomatoes and grapes.

· Develop, establish and use sensory analysis techniques to evaluate quality and improve processing procedues for minimally processed produce, cabbage, tomatoes, bell pepper and lettuce, and value-added products, salsa and coleslaw

· Develop objective indicators, including phytochemicals, for inspection of raw material, improvement of processing procedures and validation of packaging materials and methods

1/97-4/98: Research Scientist,

Employer’s Name and Address: EPL Technologies Inc., 2 International Plaza, Suite 245

Philadelphia, PA 19113

Hours per Week: 40

Supervisor’s Name: Dr. William R. Romig

Contact: Dr. Thomas R. Hankinson, 610-268-1640

Major Duty and Accomplishments:

· Develop GC-SPME method to establish quality profiles of plant foodstuff (minimally processed fruits) in packages during storage.

· Identify and qualitatively analyze flavor-related volatiles formed in plant food packages during storage

· Study the relationship between aroma volatile formation and quality deterioration of packaged plant food

· Study biochemical basis of aroma-active compound formation by produce during storage.

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES:

Secretary and Treasure of IFT Fruit and Vegetable Division

Secretary and Committer member of Chinese American Food Society

Member of Chinese American Food Society

Member of Institute of Food Technology

Member of American Society for Quality

Member of International Fresh-Cut Produce Association

Journal Reviewer, J. Agro. Food Chem.,

J. Food Sci.,

Postharv. Biol. Tech.,

J. Food Proc. Preserv.

COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENT:

Member of Graduate Poster Competition Committee

INVITED PRESENTATION:

Zhuang, H. 2002. Research and development to improve food quality and food safety of fresh fruit and vegetable products. Schwan’s Food Service. Marchall, MN, USA.

Zhuang, H., Lewis, L., Michelangeli, C., Hildebrand, D.F., Payne, F.A., Bastin, S. and Barth, M.M. 1996. Ozone water treatments for preserving quality of packaged, fresh-cut broccoli under refrigeration. International Conference on New Developments in Refrigeration for Food Safety and Quality. Lexington, KY, USA.

INVITED REVIEWS/CHAPTERS:

Zhuang, H., Barth, M.M., and Hankinson, T.R. 2003. Microbial safety, quality and sensory aspects of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. In ‘Microbial Safety of Minimally Processed Foods’ Novak, J.S,, Sapers,G.M. and Juneja, V.K. eds. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, Basel, Hong Kong.

Zhuang, H., Barth, M.M., and Hildebrand, D.F. 1997. Fatty acid oxidation in plant tissues. In ‘Food Lipids’ C.C. Akoh and D.B. Min eds. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, Basel, Hong Kong.

Zhuang, H. and Barth, M.M. 2003. The physiological roles of vitamins in vegetables. In ‘Postharvest Physiology and Pathology of Vegetables Bartz/Brecht, eds. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, Basel, Hong Kong

Barth, M.M. and Zhuang, H. 2003. Fresh-cut vegetables. In Agriculture Handbook 66, The commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks ed. by USDA.

Hildebrand, D.F., Zhuang, H., Kemp, T.R., and Andersen, R.A. 1995. C6-Aldehydes in plant leaves and preliminary information on the in vivo control of their formation. In 'Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology' M. Pessarakli ed. pp 313-335. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, Basel, Hong Kong.

PUBLICATIONS:

Zhuang, H., Brereton, E., Romig, W., Sapers, G., Hotchkiss, A., and Revear, L. 1998. Variation of volatile profiles in fresh-cut produce packages associated with SPME fibers during storage. IFT Annual Meeting 1998. Atlanta, Georgia.

Zhuang, H., Brereton, E., Romig, W., Sapers, G., Hotchkiss, A., and Revear, L. 1998. Developing A quantitative GC-SPME method for study of volatile formation of fresh-cut apples in polymeric bags. IFT Annual Meeting 1998. Atlanta, Georgia.

Zhuang, H., Kemp, T.R., Andersen, R.A. and Hildebrand, D.F. 1996. Impact of alteration of PUFA levels on C6-aldehyde formation of Arabidopsis leaves. Plant Physiol. 111: 805-812.

Zhuang, H., Hildebrand, D.F., and Barth, M.M. 1997. Temperature influenced lipid peroxidation and deterioration in broccoli buds during postharvest storage. Postharv. Biol. Tech. 10: 49-58.

Zhuang, H., Hildebrand, D.F., and Barth, M.M. 1995. Senescence of broccoli buds is related to changes in lipid peroxidation. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2585-2591.

Zhuang, H., Barth, M.M., and Hildebrand, D.F. 1994. Packaging influenced total chlorophyll, soluble protein, fatty acid composition and lipoxygenase activity in broccoli florets. J. Food Sci. 59: 1171-1174.

Zhuang, H., Kemp, T.R., Andersen, R.A., and Hildebrand, D. F. 1992. Developmental change in C6-aldehyde formation by soybean leaves. Plant Physiol. 100: 80-87.

Zhuang, H., Hildebrand, D.F., Kemp, T.R., and Andersen, R.A. 1991. Effects of poly-unsaturated free fatty acids and esterified linoleoyl derivatives on oxygen consumption and C6-aldehyde formation with soybean seed homogenates. J. Agric. Food Chem. 39: 1357-1364.

Zhuang, H., and Barth M.M. 1999. Control of browning discoloration in tray-packed fresh-cut iceberg lettuce. IFT Annual Meeting 1999. Chicago, IL.

Zhuang, H., Marimesco, O., Fallic, E. and Barth, M.M. 1997. Quality changes in broccoli spears during 14 d commercial transport and storage IFT Annual Meeting 1997. Orlando, FL.

Zhuang, H., Hildebrand, D.F., and Barth, M.M. 1995. Evidence that methyl jasmonate induces senescence of broccoli buds through stimulation of lipid peroxidation. National Plant Lipid Cooperative Meeting 1995. South Lake Tahoe, CA.

Zhuang, H., Hildebrand, D.F., and Barth, M.M. 1996. Methyl jasmonate influence on quality, physiology and volatile formation in broccoli florets. IFT Annual Meeting 1996. New Orleans, LA.

Zhuang, H., Hildebrand, D.F., and Barth, M.M. 1996. Short-term ozonated water treatment affects quality and physiology of broccoli during postharvest storage. IFT Annual Meeting 1996. New Orleans, LA.

Zhuang, H., Hildebrand, D.F., and Barth, M.M. 1995. C6-Aldehyde formation by broccoli buds during postharvest storage. IFT Annual Meeting 1995. Anaheim, CA.

Zhuang, H., Hildebrand, D.F., and Barth, M.M. 1995. Changes in antioxidant defense system in relation to quality maintenance of broccoli buds during postharvest storage. IFT Annual Meeting 1995. Anaheim, CA.

Zhuang, H. and Hildebrand, D.F. 1992. Changes in lipoxygenase pathway enzyme activities during soybean fruit development. Plant Physiol. 99 (1): 113.

Fan, X. Niemera, B.A., Mattheis, J.P., Zhuang, H., Sokorai, K.J.B. and Olsen D. 2004. Quality of Fresh-cut Apple Slices as Affected by Ionizing Radiation and Calcium Ascorbate Treatment. J. Food Science.

Barth, M.M. and Zhuang, H. 1996. Packaging design affects antioxidant vitamin retention and quality of broccoli florets during postharvest storage. Postharv. Biol. Tech. 9: 141-150.

Barth, M.M., Weston, L., and Zhuang, H. 1995. Influence of clomazone herbicide on postharvest quality of processing squash and pumpkin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2389-2393.

Hildebrand, D.R., Zhuang, H., Deng, W., Kemp, T.R., and Andersen R.A. 1991. Alteration of fatty acid peroxidation product formation in plant tissues. Plant Physiol. 96(1): 27.

Auge, C., Zhuang, H., and Barth, M.M. Packaging and temperature influences on ethanol accumulation and quality characteristics of packaged fresh-cut lettuce and green peppers. IFT Annual Meeting 2000. Dallas, TX.

Hildebrand, D.F., Zhuang, H., Kemp, T.R., and Andersen, R.A. 1991. Regulation of fatty acid peroxidation. International Plant Mol. Biol. Meetings. Tucson, AR.

Hildebrand, D.F., Zhuang, H., Kemp, T.R., Andersen, R.A., and Loughrin, J.H. 1990. Control of C6-aldehyde formation in plant tissues. In 'Plant Lipid Biochemistry: Structure & Utilization' by P. Quinn and J.L. Harwood, eds. Plenum Publishing Co., London. pp 307-309.

Hildebrand, D.F., Zhuang, H., Kemp, T.R., Andersen, R.A., Grayburn, W.S., and Collins, G.B. 1990. Biotechnological alterations of lipid metabolism in plants. Third International Symposium on Biotechnology and Nutrition. Univ. Maryland/USDA/Du Pont.

Barth, M.M. and Zhuang, H. 1997. Quality preservation in broccoli florets stored in consumer refrigerators with relative humidity control. IFT Annual Meeting 1997. Orlando, FL.

Barth, M.M. and Zhuang, H. 1996. Changes in color, respiration, and ethylene formation of broccoli florets and stalks during low temperature. IFT Annual Meeting 1996. New Orleans, LA.

Lewis, L., Zhuang, H. Payne, F.A. and Barth, M.M. 1996. Beta-carotene content and color assessment in ozone-treated broccoli florets during modified atmosphere packaging. IFT Annual Meeting 1996. New Orleans, LA.